Energy Harvesting Strategies and Upcycling in Manufacturing

This thesis examines the interconnected domain of energy harvesting, modular component build, and upcycling strategies in manufacturing with the goal of achieving net-zero emissions. The research is grounded in the Design for X (DFX) paradigm, which integrates various design considerations to enhance product quality while minimising environmental impact. The first part of the thesis investigates the application of radio frequency (RF) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) energy harvesting technologies in manufacturing settings. These technologies capture waste heat and electromagnetic radiation from industrial equipment and convert them into usable electricity, reducing the overall energy consumption of the manufacturing process. The second part of the thesis explores modular component build, which enables easy replacement, upgrading, and servicing of components, thus reducing waste and prolonging product lifespan. This approach contributes to sustainable manufacturing and complements the energy harvesting aspect by minimising emissions. The third part of the thesis examines upcycling, which involves repurposing waste materials into new products or components. This concept supports the circular economy and synergises with the energy harvesting and modular component build strategies to further reduce waste and emissions in manufacturing. The results reveal that upcycling can substantially enhance manufacturing sustainability. Overall, this thesis emphasises the importance of integrating energy harvesting, modular component build, and upcycling strategies in manufacturing to achieve net-zero emissions. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable manufacturing practices, offering valuable insights for manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers in the pursuit of net-zero emissions.